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MP Iris Robinson, 60, had affair with 19-year-old toyboy

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The astonishing details of MP Iris Robinson's affair with a 19-year-old - whom she had known since he was nine - have been laid bare today.

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Her lover, Kirk McCambley, now 21, owns a cafe in south Belfast and the visitors' centre which houses the cafe was built by the council on which Mrs Robinson sits.

The wife of the Northern Ireland First Minister Peter Robinson helped Mr McCambley get started in business after first identifying a freshly developed council site on the banks of the river Lagan in south Belfast for his new venture and persuaded two local developers to stump up £50,000 in 2008 for catering equipment to kit out the cafe, Mr McCambley told the BBC.

Astonishingly Mrs Robinson demanded a £5,000 kickback paid directly to her after her lover received the funding.

Toyboy lover: Kirk McCambley, 19 at the time of the affair, arrives as work today at Lough Keepers Inn outside Belfast. Iris Robinson, is accused of taking £5,000 kickbacks from McCambley

But when the relationship soured, Mrs Robinson demanded the funds back - initially in two cheques, one directly to her and another to her local church.

Mr Fraser Black, the whistleblower for the affair in extensive interviews with the BBC - and Mrs Robinson's political adviser - said that Peter Robinson was giving Mrs Robinson cues as she attempted to row back from the scandal.

The two donors who provided the money to Mrs Robinson to help Mr McCambley were named as developers Fred Fraser, now deceased, and Ken Campbell.

A trail of text messages sent from Mrs Robinson's phone to Mr Black revealed how the money was to be paid back. The funds were to be funnelled through her church, for which her sister is pastor.

Iris Robinson regarded the money as a gift to her but after their relationship fell apart she was keen to reclaim it from him.

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According to the BBC, Iris Robinson has not once declared the money. The programme revealed that she lobbied on behalf of Ken Campbell while she was looking for the £25,000.

Peter Robinson also came under pressure today for not telling authorities that his wife had not registered the payments she received from the property developers.

The First Minister said today he would 'resolutely defend' the allegations: 'I completely reject BBC Spotlight's attempt to implicate me by insinuation and innuendo.

'I am even more appalled by the inclusion on that programme of comments and conclusions made without any supporting facts — indeed with facts in the programme which support a contrary position.

'While I have learned from Spotlight for the first time some alleged aspects of my wife's affair and her financial arrangements, I will be resolutely defending attacks on my character and contesting any allegations of wrongdoing. To that end, I will be addressing the media today after I have taken legal advice.'

Deputy First Minister, Sinn Fein's Martin McGuinness, said he was 'shocked' at the claims and has called for an urgent meeting with Mr Robinson.

First Minister Peter Robinson and wife Iris behind his desk at the Parliament Buildings in Stormont

On the BBC programme, Mr McCambley spoke candidly about his relationship with Mrs Robinson. He said: 'I worked in the butchers since I was nine and I always seen her coming in and out. I knew her from a very early age through the butchers and through my dad.

'She looked out for me and made sure I was OK and obviously anyone who has lost a parent knows it is an incredibly hard time and she was there to help.'

Mr Black broke cover to talk to the BBC and said the relationship developed beyond a friendship and that the couple would take walks together. He said that Mrs Robinson was keen to 'support this guy'.

In her statement this week, Mrs Robinson has said that she encouraged friends to invest in the youngster's business.

Before his wife's lover's age was made public, Mr Robinson said: 'I love my wife. I have always been faithful to her. In a spirit of humility and repentance, Iris sought my forgiveness. She took responsibility upon herself alone for her actions and I have forgiven her.'

Her name will bring to mind comparisons with another famous - albeit fictional - Mrs Robinson who had an affair with a man half her age.

In the 1967 film, The Graduate, Anne Bancroft, in her late 30s, seduces Benjamin Braddock, a recent university graduate played by Dustin Hoffman.

Iris Robinson was not to be seen at her luxury home yesterday.

As political commentators pored over the full significance of the First Minister's statement it emerged that more potentially troubling revelations about the Robinsons could soon emerge.

UUP leader Sir Reg Empey said Mrs Robinson should stop claiming parliamentary privileges and allowances immediately.

Alliance leader David Ford said: 'Iris Robinson must resign as an MP, MLA and councillor immediately.

'Given the current political problems between the DUP and Sinn Fein, it is important that every measure possible is taken to safeguard the Assembly and political progress.'

Sinn Fein Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness said: 'I was shocked at the financial revelations made in last night's Spotlight programme.

'I have sought an urgent meeting with the First Minister to discuss the implications for the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister.'

One political source said last night: 'There are questions being asked about why the First Minister chose this particular moment to comment about such a personal matter, given that the affair was more than 18 months ago.'

Peter Robinson reads his statement about his wife's affair on television on Wednesday

Yesterday former MP Edwina Currie, who famously had a four-year affair with John Major was scathing about the cheating Northern Ireland MP.

She branded Mrs Robinson 'a stinking hypocrite' for hiding her own shameful secret while referring to homosexuals as 'an abomination' and criticising other people's lifestyle choices while boasting about her deeply held Christian views.

Mrs Currie said: 'If you go on and on about God's commandments and keep flinging the tablets of stone at other people, sooner of later someone is going to pick up a bit and chuck it at you.

'Mrs Robinson has made stupid and ignorant remarks about homosexuals while she was busy betraying her husband and seeking love somewhere else.

'If the Robinsons learn to be more tolerant of other people's failings because of this - having found so many in themselves - that has got to be a good thing.' Pastor James McConnell from the Whitewell Tabernacle Church where the couple worship, said the revelations had done nothing to dampen his admiration of the couple.

He said: 'I am surrounding them with prayers and I am there for them 100 per cent. I think Iris can begin again in another way, not in politics, where she can help a lot of people.'

GOD-FEARING, OBSESSED WITH FAMILY VALUES... HOW DID IT ALL GO WRONG?

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Iris and Peter Robinson on their Wedding Day

Peter Robinson and his wife Iris are, like many Ulster Protestant loyalists of their generation, God-fearing folk. Theirs has been a life of adherence to family values and a belief that what God ordains also should work its way into their political thinking.

When they married in 1970, they did so against the background of the Troubles, which began a year earlier. She was a secretary, he a college graduate who had started work as an estate agent. Three children soon followed, and there were many sacrifices along the way.

That's why, when he made his emotional address on television on Wednesday, there was a genuine sense that Peter Robinson not only was devastated by his wife's affair but also utterly betrayed in his formidable self-belief that life is about certainty and not frailty.

When he spoke of their 40 years together, he did so pensively, as if relaying them to himself as he spoke. He spoke of Iris's generosity in allowing him the freedom to engage in controversial, often extremist, politics, and the threats to their safety such a stance would attract.

He spoke of her bringing up their children, 'often alone', as he pursued his political ambitions.

Somewhere along the way, though, the Robinsons lost focus on the ideals that forged their very public lives. He, after all, became a founder member of the Democratic Unionist Party after the IRA killed one of his schoolfriends, an understandable catalyst to activism.

But last year came proof that even idealism can be waylaid by materialism. The Mail revealed that the Robinsons' annual income, a combination of salaries and expenses, was almost £572,000.They earned a combined total of £246,017 from six jobs. Both are Westminster MPs as well as MLAs. He also is paid £71,434 as First Minister while she pockets another £9,550 as a borough councillor for Castlereagh.

In a further embarrassment, it was revealed that Mr Robinson employed his daughter, Rebekah, as his office manager and private secretary, while his son, Gareth, is his parliamentary assistant. Iris employs their elder son, Jonathan, as her office manager, and her daughter-in-law, Ellen, as a parttime secretary.

Their incomes have led to many trappings of luxury. They own homes in Belfast, east London and Florida worth more than £1.3m.

Mrs Robinson used to drive an MG sports car in London and had three Minis, and now drives an Audi convertible.

He is less showy - he supports Chelsea, enjoys golf and bowling and breeds exotic Koi carp, some specimens of which can sell for many thousands of euro. Over four years, they also managed to claim £30,000 for food alone.

There were other controversies. When Iris was asked to comment on an attack on a gay man in her constituency, she used the opportunity to in turn attack homosexuality itself, calling it 'an abomination' that made her 'sick and nauseous'.

Another leader in Mr Robinson's position might have felt compelled to publicly chastise a party member making such incendiary statements but instead he said it was not Iris who considered homosexuality an abomination, but the Almighty himself.

In their 40 years together, Mr Robinson overturned a large UUP majority to become an MP in 1979, and has been re- elected seven times, most recently in 2005, making him the longest-serving MP for a Belfast constituency since the 1801 Act of Union. Elected to the NI Assembly in 1998, he has served as minister for regional development and minister for finance.

When Ian Paisley announced his intention to step down, Mr Robinson won the leadership unopposed last April and became First Ministerthe cheating Northern Ireland MP.

She branded Mrs Robinson 'a stinking hypocrite' for hiding her own shameful secret while referring to homosexuals as 'an abomination' and criticising other people's lifestyle choices while boasting about her deeply held Christian views.

Mrs Currie said: 'If you go on and on about God's commandments and keep flinging the tablets of
in June. Iris was there for him, as she was in 1986 when, notoriously, he led an incursion of 500 loyalists into the Republic in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement. He was fined 17,500 Irish Pounds for unlawful assembly.

Politically, Mrs Robinson, nee Collins, is generally seen as less solid than her husband and more likely to say what she is thinking rather than maintaining a diplomatic gravitas; she was censured in 2007 for using 'unparliamentary' language to describe another Assembly minister.

But it still came as a surprise on December 28 when she announced she planned to retire from politics because of depression. Then came this week's bombshell about her affair and suicide attempt.

Mr Robinson's candid TV appearance may have bought him some time to counter any further allegations (there is talk of financial impropriety on Mrs Robinson's part) - and also some sympathy, even from quarters where none existed previously.

He issued a simple plea: 'I only ask if people feel they must judge her, that they find within themselves, as I have done, the gift of doing so with mercy and compassion.' stone at other people, sooner of later someone is going to pick up a bit and chuck it at you.

'Mrs Robinson has made stupid and ignorant remarks about homosexuals while she was busy betraying her husband and seeking love somewhere else.

'If the Robinsons learn to be more tolerant of other people's failings because of this - having found so many in themselves - that has got to be a good thing.' Pastor James McConnell from the Whitewell Tabernacle Church where the couple worship, said the revelations had done nothing to dampen his admiration of the couple.

He said: 'I am surrounding them with prayers and I am there for them 100 per cent. I think Iris can begin again in another way, not in politics, where she can help a lot of people.'

Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music band founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. The group has seen many personnel changes over the years, with Froese having been the only continuous member until his death in January 2015. The best-known lineup of the group was its mid-70s trio of Froese, Christopher Franke, and Peter Baumann. In the late 1970s, Johannes Schmoelling replaced Baumann. Since Froese's death in 2015, the group has been under the leadership of Thorsten Quaeschning (Froese's chosen successor and the current longest-serving band member, having joined in 2005).

Tangerine Dream are considered pioneers of the early days of electronica.^[3] Their work with the electronic music Ohr label produced albums that had a pivotal role in the development of the German musical scene known as kosmische ('cosmic'). Their 'Virgin Years', so called because of their association with Virgin Records, produced albums that further explored synthesizers and sequencers, including the UK top 20 albums Phaedra (1974) and Rubycon (1975). The group also had a successful career composing film soundtracks, creating over 60 scores, which include those for the films Sorcerer, Thief, Risky Business, The Keep, Firestarter, Legend, Three O'Clock High, Near Dark, Shy People, and Miracle Mile.

From the late 1990s into the 2000s, Tangerine Dream continued to explore other styles of instrumental music as well as electronica. Their recorded output has been prolific, including over one hundred albums. Among other scoring projects, they helped create the soundtrack for the video game Grand Theft Auto V. Their mid-1970s work has been profoundly influential in the development of electronic music styles such as new age (although the band themselves disliked the term)^[4] and electronic dance music.^[5]

Their most recent album, Quantum Gate, was released on 29 September 2017, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the founding of the band. The album is based on ideas and musical sketches by founder Edgar Froese and was completed by the remaining members of the band.

• 2History
• 3Artistic connections
• 4Personnel

Lineup[edit]

In the late 60s and early 70s, Tangerine Dream existed as several short-lived incarnations, all of which included Froese, who teamed up with several musicians from West Berlin's underground music scene, including Steve Jolliffe, Klaus Schulze, and Conrad Schnitzler.

Froese's most notable association was his partnership with Christopher Franke. Franke joined Tangerine Dream in 1970 after serving time in the group Agitation Free, originally to replace Schulze as the drummer. Franke is credited with starting to use electronic sequencers, which were introduced on Phaedra, a development that had not only a large impact on the group's music, but to many electronic musicians to this day. Franke stayed with the group for 17 years, leaving in 1987 because of exhausting touring schedules, as well as creative differences with Froese.

Other long-term members of the group include Peter Baumann (1971–1977), who later went on to found the New Age label Private Music, to which the band was signed from 1988 to 1991; Johannes Schmoelling (1979–1985); Paul Haslinger (1986–1990); Froese's son Jerome Froese (1990–2006); Linda Spa (1990–1996, 2005–2014), saxophonist who appeared on numerous albums and concerts and contributed one track on Goblins' Club; and most recently Thorsten Quaeschning of Picture Palace Music (2005–present).

A number of other members were also part of Tangerine Dream for shorter periods of time. Unlike session musicians, these players also contributed to compositions of the band during their tenures. Some of the more notable members are Steve Schroyder (organist, 1971–1972), Michael Hoenig (who replaced Baumann for a 1975 Australian tour and a London concert, included on Bootleg Box Set Vol. 1), Steve Jolliffe (wind instruments, keyboards and vocals on Cyclone and the following tour; he was also part of a short-lived 1969 line-up), Klaus Krüger (drummer on Cyclone and Force Majeure) and Ralf Wadephul (in collaboration with Edgar Froese recorded album Blue Dawn, but it was released only in 2006; also credited for one track on Optical Race (1988) and toured with the band in support of this album).

Throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, Tangerine Dream was often joined on stage by Zlatko Perica or Gerald Gradwohl on guitars, and Emil Hachfeld on electronic drums. Jerome Froese left in 2006 after a concert at the Tempodrom in Berlin. Until late 2014, Tangerine Dream comprised Edgar Froese, as well as Thorsten Quaeschning, who first collaborated in the composition of Jeanne d'Arc (2005). For concerts and recordings, they were usually joined by Linda Spa on saxophone and flute, Iris Camaa on drums and percussion, and Bernhard Beibl on guitar. In 2011, electric violinist Hoshiko Yamane was added to the lineup and is featured on some of the most recent albums.^[6]

In late 2014, Bernhard Beibl announced on his Facebook page that he would stop collaborating with Tangerine Dream. Shortly thereafter, it was announced that Tangerine Dream would no longer be touring with Linda Spa or Iris Camaa, but that Ulrich Schnauss had been brought into the fold. Edgar Froese's death in January 2015, however, left this a short-lived line-up.^[7]

History[edit]

Origins: Psychedelia and krautrock[edit]

Edgar Froese arrived in West Berlin in the mid-1960s to study art. His first band, the psychedelic rock-styled The Ones, disbanded after releasing only one single. After The Ones, Froese experimented with musical ideas, playing smaller gigs with a variety of musicians. Most of these performances were in the famous Zodiak Free Arts Lab, although one grouping also had the distinction of being invited to play for the surrealist painter Salvador Dalí. The music was partnered with literature, painting, early forms of multimedia, and more. It seemed as though only the most outlandish ideas attracted any attention, leading Froese to comment: 'In the absurd often lies what is artistically possible.' As members of the group came and went, the direction of the music continued to be inspired by the Surrealists, and the group came to be called by the surreal-sounding name of Tangerine Dream, inspired by mis-hearing the line 'tangerine trees and marmalade skies' from The Beatles' track 'Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds'.^[8]

Froese was fascinated by technology and skilled in using it to create music. He built custom-made instruments and, wherever he went, collected sounds with tape recorders for use in constructing musical works later. His early work with tape loops and other repeating sounds was the obvious precursor to the emerging technology of the sequencer, which Tangerine Dream quickly adopted upon its arrival.

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The first Tangerine Dream album, Electronic Meditation, was a tape-collage Krautrock piece, using the technology of the time rather than the synthesized music they later became famous for. The line-up for the album was Froese, Klaus Schulze, and Conrad Schnitzler. Electronic Meditation was published by Ohr in 1970 and began the period known as the Pink Years (the Ohr logo was a pink ear). But starting with their second album, Alpha Centauri, the group has been a trio or occasionally duo of electronic instruments, commonly augmented by guitar from Froese (or, much later, other musicians as well), and occasionally also other instruments. Of these, drums from Christopher Franke and organ from Steve Schroyder (on Alpha Centauri) or Peter Baumann (on subsequent releases) feature prominently in the band's music during the early 1970s. They also started their heavy usage of the Mellotron during this period.^[9]

Rise to fame: The Virgin years[edit]

The band's 1973 album Atem was named as Album of the Year by British DJ John Peel, and this attention helped Tangerine Dream to sign to the fledgling Virgin Records in the same year. Soon afterward they released the album Phaedra, an eerie soundscape that unexpectedly reached #15 in the United Kingdom album charts and became one of Virgin's first bona-fide hits. Phaedra was one of the first commercial albums to feature sequencers and came to define much more than just the band's own sound. The creation of the album's title track was something of an accident: the band was experimenting in the studio with a recently acquired Moog synthesizer, and the tape happened to be rolling at the time. They kept the results and later added flute, bass-guitar, and Mellotron performances. The cantankerous Moog, like many other early synthesizers, was so sensitive to changes in temperature that its oscillators would drift badly in tuning as the equipment warmed up, and this drift can easily be heard on the final recording. This album marked the beginning of the period known as the Virgin Years.

In the 1980s, along with other electronic music pioneers such as Jean-Michel Jarre (with whom Edgar Froese collaborated on Jarre's 2015 album Electronica 1: The Time Machine) and Vangelis, the band were early adopters of the new digital technology, which revolutionized the sound of the synthesizer, although the group had been using digital equipment (in some shape or form) as early as the mid-1970s. Their technical competence and extensive experience in their early years with self-made instruments and unusual means of creating sounds meant that they were able to exploit this new technology to make music quite unlike anything heard before.

Tangerine Dream live[edit]

Tangerine Dream's earliest concerts were visually simple by modern standards, with three men sitting motionless for hours alongside massive electronic boxes festooned with patch cords and a few flashing lights. Some concerts were even performed in complete darkness, as happened during the performance at York Minster on 20 October 1975. As time went on and technology advanced, the concerts became much more elaborate, with visual effects, lighting, lasers, pyrotechnics, and projected images. By 1977 their North American tour featured full-scale Laserium effects.

Through the 1970s and 1980s the band toured extensively. The concerts generally included large amounts of unreleased and improvised material and were consequently widely bootlegged. They were notorious for playing extremely loudly (reaching 134 dB in 1976)^{[citation needed]} and for a long time. The band released recordings of a fair number of their concerts, and on some of these the band worked out material that would later form the backbone of their studio recordings. (For example, Pergamon, which documents a concert given in East Berlin shortly after Johannes Schmoelling joined the group, contains themes that would appear later on Tangram.) An early example of this was the Ricochet album, which was recorded during a tour that included European cathedrals, with some later overdubbing.

Forays into vocals[edit]

Most of Tangerine Dream's albums are entirely instrumental. Two albums that prominently featured lyrics, Cyclone (1978) and Tyger (1987) were met with disapproval from some fans. While there have occasionally been a few vocals on the band's other releases, such as the track 'Kiew Mission' from 1981's Exit and 'The Harbor' from 1987's Shy People, the group only recently returned to featuring vocals in a musical trilogy based on Dante's Divine Comedy and their 2007 album Madcap's Flaming Duty.

After their 1980 East Berlin gig, when they became one of the first major Western bands to perform in a communist country. Tangerine Dream released a double live album of one of their performances there, called Poland, recorded during their tour in the winter at the end of 1983. With Poland, the band moved to the Jive Electro label, marking the beginning of the Blue Years.

Soundtracks[edit]

Throughout the 1980s, Tangerine Dream composed scores for more than 20 films. This had been an interest of Froese's since the late 1960s, when he scored an obscure Polish film, as well as appearing as an actor in several German underground films. He made the score for the experimental film 'Never shoot the bathroom man', directed by Jürgen Polland.^[10] Many of the group's soundtracks were composed at least partially of reworked material from the band's studio albums or work that was in progress for upcoming albums; see, for example, the resemblance between the track 'Igneous' on their soundtrack for Thief and the track 'Thru Metamorphic Rocks' on their studio release Force Majeure. Their first exposure on U.S. television came when a track for the then in-progress album Le Parc was used as the theme for the television program Street Hawk. Some of the more famous soundtracks have been Sorcerer, Risky Business, Shy People, Thief, Legend, The Keep,^[11]Firestarter,^[12]Flashpoint^[13] and Near Dark.^[14][15]

Tangerine Dream also composed the soundtrack score for the video game Grand Theft Auto V.^[16]

In 2016, Tangerine Dream released their own version of the theme music for the television series Stranger Things.^[17] Tangerine Dream had inspired music for the series.^[17]

Going independent[edit]

Several of the band's albums released during the 1990s were nominated for Grammy Awards.^[18] Since then, Tangerine Dream with Jerome Froese took a directional change away from the new-age leanings of those albums and toward an electronica style. After Jerome's departure, founder Edgar Froese steered the band in a direction somewhat reminiscent of material throughout their career.

In later years, Tangerine Dream released albums in series. The Dream Mixes series began in 1995 with the last being released in 2010. The Divine Comedy series, based on the writings of Dante Alighieri, spanned 2002–2006. From 2007 to 2010, the Five Atomic Seasons were released. Most recently, the Eastgate Sonic Poems series, based on the works of famous poetic authors such as Edgar Allan Poe and Franz Kafka, began in 2011, with the last appearing in 2013. Also, beginning in 2007, Tangerine Dream released a number of EPs, referred to as 'CupDiscs' by the band.

Edgar Froese also released a number of solo recordings, which are similar in style to Tangerine Dream's work. Jerome Froese released a number of singles as TDJ Rome, which are similar to his work within the Dream Mixes series. In 2005 he released his first solo album Neptunes under the name Jerome Froese. In 2006 Jerome left Tangerine Dream to concentrate on his solo career. His second solo album Shiver Me Timbers was released on 29 October 2007, and his third, Far Side of the Face, was released in 2012. Beginning in 2011, Jerome Froese joined with former Tangerine Dream member Johannes Schmoelling and keyboardist Robert Waters to form the band Loom, which plays original material, as well as Tangerine Dream classics. Thorsten Quaeschning, leader of Picture Palace Music, was brought into Tangerine Dream in 2005 and contributed to most of the band's albums and CupDiscs since then.

The group had recording contracts with Ohr, Virgin, Jive Electro, Private Music, and Miramar, and many of the minor soundtracks were released on Varese Sarabande. In 1996, the band founded their own record label, TDI, and more recently, Eastgate. Subsequent albums are today generally not available in normal retail channels but are sold by mail-order or through online channels. The same applies to their Miramar releases, the rights to which the band bought back. Meanwhile, their Ohr and Jive Electro catalogs (known as the 'Pink' and 'Blue' Years) are currently owned by Esoteric Recordings.

Concert updates[edit]

To celebrate their 40th anniversary (1967–2007), Tangerine Dream announced their only UK concert at London Astoria on 20 April 2007. Tangerine Dream also played a totally free open-air concert in Eberswalde on 1 July 2007 and at the Alte Oper in Frankfurt on Main on 7 October 2007. 2008 saw the band in Eindhoven Netherlands playing at E-Day (an electronic music festival); later in the year they also played the Night of the Prog Festival in Loreley, Germany, as well as concerts at the Kentish Town Forum, in London on 1 November, at the Picture House, Edinburgh on 2 November, and their first live concert in the USA for over a decade, at the UCLARoyce Hall, Los Angeles on 7 November.

In 2009 the group announced that they would play a concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London, on 1 April 2010, titled the Zeitgeist concert, 35 years after their milestone concert there on 2 April 1975. The entire concert was released as a 3-CD live album on 7 July 2010.^[19]

Tangerine Dream embarked in spring and summer 2012 on a tour of Europe, Canada and the USA called The Electric Mandarine Tour 2012:^[20] The 1st leg was a 5-date European tour, beginning on 10 April in Budapest (Hungary) via Padua (Italy), Milano (Italy), Zurich (Switzerland), and ending on 10 May in Berlin (Germany). The 2nd leg was a North-American tour which started with the Jazz Festival in Montréal (Canada) on 30 June, followed by a concert on 4 July at the Bluesfest in Ottawa (Canada) and continued as a 10-date US journey beginning in July in Boston, then New York, Philadelphia, Washington, and California. On 16 November 2014, Tangerine Dream performed in Melbourne, Australia, as part of Melbourne Music Week. They were the final shows with Froese.^[21] Tangerine Dream played two consecutive nights at the Union Chapel, Islington London on April 23 & 24 2018, the second supported by ex-Japan and Porcupine Tree musician Richard Barbieri.^{[citation needed]}

After Edgar Froese's death[edit]

Edgar Froese died suddenly in Vienna on 20 January 2015 from a pulmonary embolism.^[22][23] On 6 April 2015, the group's remaining members (Quaeschning, Schnauss and Yamane) and Bianca Acquaye (Froese's widow), pledged to continue working together in an effort to fulfill Froese's vision for the group. However, ex-member Jerome Froese announced in his Facebook time line that in his opinion Tangerine Dream will not exist without his father.^[24]

Tangerine Dream played their first show following Froese's death on 9 June 2016 in Szczecin, Poland.^[25]

On 29 September 2017, Tangerine Dream released their new studio album entitled Quantum Gate, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the band's foundation.^[26]

Artistic connections[edit]

Influences[edit]

Tangerine Dream began as a surreal rock band, with each of the members contributing different musical influences and styles. Edgar Froese's guitar style was inspired by Jimi Hendrix,^[27] while Christopher Franke contributed the more avant garde elements of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Terry Riley. Yes-like progressive rock influence was brought in by Steve Jolliffe on Cyclone. The sample-based sound collages of Johannes Schmoelling drew their inspiration from a number of sources; one instance is Steve Reich's Music for 18 Musicians on, for example, parts of Logos Live, and the track 'Love on a Real Train' from the Risky Business soundtrack.

Classical music has had some influence on the sound of Tangerine Dream over the years. György Ligeti, Johann Sebastian Bach, Maurice Ravel, and Arcangelo Corelli are clearly visible as dominant influences in the early albums. A Baroque sensibility sometimes informs the more coordinated sequencer patterns, which has its most direct expression in the La Folia section that comes at the very end of the title track of Force Majeure. In live performances, the piano solos often directly quoted from Romantic classical works for piano, such as the Beethoven and Mozart snippets in much of the late 1970s – early 1980s stage shows. In the bootleg recording of the Mannheim Mozartsaal concert of 1976 (Tangerine Tree volume 13), the first part of the first piece also clearly quotes from Franz Liszt's Totentanz. The first phrase is played on a harpsichord synthesizer patch and is answered by the second half of the phrase in a flute voicing on a Mellotron. During the 1990s, many releases included recordings of classical compositions: Pictures at an Exhibition (on Turn of the Tides), Largo (from Xerxes) (on Tyranny of Beauty), Symphony in A Minor (by J. S. Bach), and Concerto in A Major / Adagio (by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) (both on Ambient Monkeys).

Since the 1990s, Tangerine Dream have also recorded cover versions of Jimi Hendrix' 'Purple Haze' (first on 220 Volt Live) and The Beatles' 'Eleanor Rigby', 'Back in the U.S.S.R.', 'Tomorrow Never Knows', and 'Norwegian Wood'.

An infrequently recurring non-musical influence on Tangerine Dream, and Edgar Froese in particular, have been 12th–19th century poets. This was first evident on the 1981 album Exit, the track title 'Pilots of the Purple Twilight' being a quote from Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem Locksley Hall. Six years later, the album Tyger featured poems from William Blake set to music; and around the turn of the millennium, Edgar Froese started working on a musical trilogy based on Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, completed in 2006. Most recently, the 2007 album Madcap's Flaming Duty features more poems set to music, some again from Blake but also e.g. Walt Whitman.

Pink Floyd were also an influence on Edgar Froese and Tangerine Dream, the band in its very early psychedelic rock band phase playing improvisations based on Pink Floyd's 'Interstellar Overdrive'. Madcap's Flaming Duty is dedicated to the memory of the late Syd Barrett. The title refers to Barrett's solo release 'The Madcap Laughs'.

The band's influence can be felt in ambient artists such as Deepspace, The Future Sound of London, David Kristian, and Global Communication, as well as rock, pop, and dance artists such as Porcupine Tree, M83, DJ Shadow, Ulrich Schnauss, Cut Copy, and Kasabian. The band also clearly influenced 1990s and 2000s Trance music, where lush soundscapes and synth pads are used along with repetitive synth sequences, much like in their 1975 releases Rubycon and Ricochet, as well as some of their music from the early 1980s. The group have also been sampled countless times, more recently by Recoil on the album SubHuman, by Sasha on Involver, and on several Houzan Suzuki albums. Michael Jackson also cited Tangerine Dream as one of his favourite bands, especially their 1977 soundtrack for Sorcerer.

In popular culture[edit]

• The nuclear apocalypse movie Miracle Mile features the soundtrack composed by Tangerine Dream.
• Kaleidoscope's first album (from November 1967) was titled Tangerine Dream. However, this may be a coincidence, since Tangerine Dream had only existed for two months when this album was released.
• Steven Wilson, of Porcupine Tree, stated that Tangerine Dream was one of his influences to make his music, and often cites Zeit as his all-time favorite album.^[28]
• Japanese electronic musician Susumu Hirasawa dedicated his song 'Island Door (Paranesian Circle)' (トビラ島（パラネシアン・サークル）Tobira Shima (Paraneshian Circle)) to Tangerine Dream. At 13 minutes, it is Hirasawa's longest composition.
• In science fiction author Alastair Reynolds's Revelation Space universe, one of the gas giant planets in the Epsilon Eridani system is named Tangerine Dream.
• The Japanese band Do As Infinity's debut single 'Tangerine Dream' was named after the band.
• Till Lindemann, vocalist of Rammstein, stated that Tangerine Dream was one of his influences to make his music.
• In an episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force a character named Romulox mentions the band Tangerine Dream.
• At the end of Tenacious D's track 'City Hall', lead singer Jack Black references the group ('Malibu nights, tangerine dreams').
• British rock and roll band Kasabian recently^[when?] paid tribute to Tangerine Dream, describing them as one of their 'spiritual influences'.
• In the 1983 movie Valley Girl, the character of Randy (played by Nicolas Cage) can be seen wearing a Tangerine Dream concert shirt during the 'I Melt With You' montage scene when sitting in the mall food court with Julie (Deborah Foreman).
• In Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie, Mike comments on the electronic soundtrack: 'Well, the Tangerine Dream music is nice!'
• In Rob Reiner's 1984 mockumentaryThis Is Spinal Tap, several copies of Tangerine Dream's 1980 album Tangram can briefly be seen in the record store in which members of Spinal Tap make an ill-fated signing appearance.
• The video game Last Ninja 2 features a reworked version of the Tangerine Dream track 'Midnight in Tula' in the level The Office, and of 'Alchemy Of The Heart' in the level The Mansion.
• The video game Grand Theft Auto IV contains the Tangerine Dream track 'Remote Viewing' as one of the songs played on the in-game radio station The Journey.
• During the summer of 1982 the Polish broadcaster Telewizja Polska used a part of Tangerine Dream's 'Ricochet' as background of the weather forecast shown at the end of the major release of their then-information program 'Dziennik Telewizyjny'.
• The track 'Love on a Real Train' is used in films Risky Business, The Squid and the Whale, Louder Than Bombs, at the end of season 1, episode 5 of Mr. Robot, and in Black Mirror: Bandersnatch, in which Phaedra is also used during the mirror scene.
• In 2016, Netflix's original show Stranger Things used three Tangerine Dream tracks in its soundtrack: 'Green Desert' from Green Desert (1986) in episode five, 'Exit' from Exit (1981) in episode six and 'Tangent (Rare Bird)' from Poland (1984) in episode eight. Composers of the soundtrack for the show, Kyle Dixon and Michael Stein of electronic band Survive, also cited Tangerine Dream as the key influence behind the soundtrack,^[29] some of which were later covered by Tangerine Dream themselves.^[17]
• Various Tangerine Dream tracks were utilized on the television soap opera Santa Barbara during the serial's early years.^[30]
• In 2018, the Netflixinteractive filmBlack Mirror: Bandersnatch used the tracks 'Love On a Real Train', 'Phaedra' and 'Mysterious Semblance at the Strand of Nightmares'.^[31]
• Tangerine Dream's track Choronzon has been featured in the opening sequence of Hungarian public service television channel MTV1's political background program Panoráma.

Personnel[edit]

Members[edit]

Current members

• Thorsten Quaeschning – bandleader, music director, synthesizer, sequencer, drums, vocals, guitar(2005–present)
• Ulrich Schnauss – synthesizer, piano, sequencer, Ableton(2014–present)
• Hoshiko Yamane – acoustic violin, electric viola, electric violin, cello, Ableton Push controller, looper (2011–present)

It should also be noted that Bianca Froese-Acquaye, Edgar's widow, has taken up the mantle of continuing the legacy of the group and works closely in a non-musical capacity with the remaining members.

Former members

Line-ups[edit]

Timeline[edit]

Guest musicians[edit]

Discography[edit]

Tangerine Dream has released over one hundred albums (not counting compilations and fan releases) over the last four decades. A project to collect and release fan concert recordings, known as the Tangerine Tree, was active from 2002 to 2006.

1. Electronic Meditation (1970)
2. Alpha Centauri (1971)
3. Zeit (1972)
4. Atem (1973)
5. Phaedra (1974) (Virgin)
6. Rubycon (1975) (Virgin)
7. Ricochet (1975) (Virgin)
8. Stratosfear (1976) (Virgin)
9. Sorcerer (1977)
10. Encore (1977) (Virgin)
11. Cyclone (1978) (Virgin)
12. Force Majeure (1979) (Virgin)
13. Tangram (1980)
14. Quichotte (1980)
15. Thief (1981)
16. Exit (1981)
17. White Eagle (1982)
18. Logos Live (1982)
19. Hyperborea (1983)
20. Wavelength (1983)
21. Risky Business (1984)
22. Poland (1984)
23. Firestarter (1984)
24. Flashpoint (1984)
25. Le Parc (1985)
26. Heartbreakers (1985)
27. Legend (1986)
28. Green Desert (1986, recorded in 1973)
29. Underwater Sunlight (1986)
30. Canyon Dreams (1986, released 1991)
31. Tyger (1987)
32. Three O'Clock High (1987)
33. Near Dark (1988)
34. Shy People (1988)
35. Livemiles (1988)
36. Optical Race (1988)
37. Miracle Mile (1989)
38. Lily on the Beach (1989)
39. Destination Berlin (1989)
40. Melrose (1990)
41. Dead Solid Perfect (1991, recorded in 1989)
42. The Park Is Mine (1991, recorded in 1984)
43. L'Affaire Wallraff (The Man Inside) (1991, recorded in 1989)
44. Rockoon (1992)
45. Rumpelstiltskin (1992)
46. Quinoa (1992, revised 1998)
47. Deadly Care (1992, recorded in 1987)
48. 220 Volt Live (1993)
49. Turn of the Tides (1994)
50. Catch Me If You Can (1994, recorded in 1989)
51. Tyranny of Beauty (1995)
52. The Dream Mixes (1995)
53. Zoning (1996)
54. Goblins' Club (1996)
55. Oasis (1997)
56. Tournado (1997)
57. TimeSquare – Dream Mixes II (1997)
58. The Keep (1997, recorded in 1983)
59. Ambient Monkeys (1997)
60. Der Meteor (1997)
61. The Hollywood Years Vol. 1 (1998)
62. The Hollywood Years Vol. 2 (1998)
63. Transsiberia (1998)
64. Valentine Wheels (1998)
65. Sohoman (1999, recorded in 1982)
66. What a Blast (1999)
67. Mars Polaris (1999)
68. Great Wall of China (2000)
69. Soundmill Navigator (2000, recorded in 1976)
70. Antique Dreams (2000, recorded 1971-1988)
71. The Seven Letters from Tibet (2000)
72. The Past Hundred Moons (2001)
73. Inferno (2002)
74. The Melrose Years (2002)
75. Mota Atma (2003)
76. DM 4 (2003)
77. Rockface (2003, recorded in 1988)
78. Purgatorio (2004)
79. Aachen–January 21st 1981 (2004)
80. Montreal–April 9th 1977 (2004)
81. Paris–February 2nd 1981 (2004)
82. Sydney–February 22nd 1982 (2004)
83. Ottawa–June 20th 1986 (2004)
84. East (2004)
85. Arizona Live (2004)
86. Cleveland–June 24th 1986 (2005)
87. Brighton–March 25th 1986 (2005)
88. Kyoto (2005)
89. Jeanne d'Arc (2005)
90. Rocking Mars (2005)
91. Phaedra 2005 (2005)
92. Space Flight Orange (2005)
93. Blue Dawn (2006)
94. Paradiso (2006)
95. Detroit–March 31st 1977 (2006)
96. Preston- November 5th 1980 (2006)
97. Plays Tangerine Dream (2006)
98. Springtime In Nagasaki (2007)
99. Madcap's Flaming Duty (2007)
100. Summer In Nagasaki (2007)
101. One Times One (2007)
102. Booster (2007)
103. Purple Diluvial (2008)
104. Views from a Red Train (2008)
105. The Anthology Decades (2008)
106. Tangram 2008 (2008)
107. Hyperborea 2008 (2008)
108. The Epsilon Journey (2008)
109. Autumn in Hiroshima (2008)
110. Booster II (2008)
111. The London Eye Concert (2009)
112. Flame (2009)
113. Vintage Vanguard (2009)
114. Chandra - The Phantom Ferry Part I (2009)
115. Live @ Dussmann Berlin (2009)
116. Winter in Hiroshima (2009)
117. Booster III (2009)
118. Izu (2010)
119. DM V (2010)
120. Axiat. (2010)
121. Zeitgeist Concert (2010)
122. Under Cover – Chapter One (2010)
123. The Endless Season (2010)
124. Booster IV (2011)
125. The Island of the Fay (2011)
126. The Gate of Saturn (2011)
127. The Angel of the West Window (2011)
128. The Gate of Saturn Live at The Lowry Manchester 2011 (2011)
129. Mona da Vinci (2011)
130. Finnegans Wake (2011)
131. Knights of Asheville (2011)
132. Machu Picchu (2012)
133. Booster V (2012)
134. Live In Budapest at Béla Bartók National Concert Hall (2012)
135. Live at Admiralspalast Berlin (2012)
136. Cruise to Destiny (2013)
137. Starmus — Sonic Universe (2013)
138. One Night In Africa (2013)
139. Booster VI (2013)
140. Franz Kafka — The Castle (2013)
141. The Cinematographic Score: GTA5 (2014)
142. Chandra - The Phantom Ferry Part II (2014)
143. Sorcerer 2014 (2014)
144. Josephine The Mouse Singer (2014)
145. Phaedra Farewell Tour - The Concerts (2014)
146. Mala Kunia (2014)
147. Booster VII (2015)
148. Supernormal - The Australian Concerts 2014 (2015)
149. The Official Bootleg Series Volume One (2015)
150. Quantum Key (2015)
151. The Official Bootleg Series Volume Two (2016)
152. Live at The Philharmony Szczecin - Poland (2016)
153. Particles (2016)
154. Quantum Gate (2017)
155. The Sessions I (2017)
156. Light Flux (2017)
157. The Sessions II (2018)
158. The Sessions III (2018)
159. The Sessions IV (2018)
160. Live at Augusta Raurica Switzerland 2016 (2019)
161. The Official Bootleg Series Volume Three (2019)
162. In Search of Hades: The Virgin Recordings 1973 - 1979 (2019)
163. Oedipus Tyrannus (2019)

References[edit]

1. ^Bush, John. 'Tangerine Dream Discography'. AllMusic.
2. ^'Free Union Records'.
3. ^Swan, Glenn. 'Rubycon - Tangerine Dream'. AllMusic. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
4. ^Fatali, Liberi. 'Tangerine Dream: Madcap's Flaming Duty'. Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
5. ^Perrone, Pierre (27 January 2015). 'Edgar Froese : Leader of electronic band Tangerine Dream whose influence has been felt for more than four decades'. The Independent. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
6. ^'Musik aus geordneten Geräuschen'. Telepolis (in German).
7. ^'Tangerine Dream founder Edgar Froese dies'. The Guardian. 23 January 2015.
8. ^DeRogatis, Jim (2003). Turn on Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 263. ISBN0-634-05548-8.
9. ^Stump, Paul (1999). Digital Gothic: A Critical Discography of Tangerine Dream. Firefly Publishing. pp. 29–48. ISBN0-946719-18-7.
10. ^Berling, Michael (29 September 2016). 'Edgar Froese'. Voices in the Net.
11. ^Rapold, Nicolas (1 June 2012). 'Underscoring the Drama in the Dark'. The New York Times.
12. ^Canby, Vincent (11 May 1984). 'SCREEN: 'FIRESTARTER', A STEPHEN KING STORY'. The New York Times.
13. ^Maslin, Janet (31 August 1984). 'SCREEN: 'FLASHPOINT', WITH KRIS KRISTOFFERSON'. The New York Times.
14. ^James, Caryn (4 October 1987). 'Film: 'Near Dark', a Tale of Vampires on the Road'. The New York Times.
15. ^Michelangelo, Antonioni (21 October 1982). Film: 'Identification of a Woman'.
16. ^Shamoon, Evan (28 August 2013). 'Inside The Grand Theft Auto V Soundtrack'. Rolling Stone.
17. ^ ^abcKreps, Daniel (12 September 2016). 'Hear Tangerine Dream's Spooky Cover of 'Stranger Things' Theme'. Rolling Stone.
18. ^Brenholts, Jim. Tangerine Dream — The Grammy Nominated Albums at AllMusic
19. ^'Zeitgeist Concert - 3CD Set'. Eastgate Music Shop. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015.
20. ^'Concert Dates'. Tangerinedream-music.com. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
21. ^'Melbourne Music Week Tangerine Dream'. Victorian Government. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
22. ^'Tangerine Dream founder Edgar Froese dies'. The Guardian. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
23. ^'R.I.P. Tangerine Dream's Edgar Froese'. Exclaim!. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
24. ^'Jerome Froese - Timeline Photos'. Facebook. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
25. ^Froese, Edgar. 'Internationales Festival für Elektronische Musik'. Schwingungen-festival.de.
26. ^'Tangerine Dream – The new studio album, Quantum Gate Celebrating 50 years of Tangerine Dream – Listen to first song 'Tear Down the Grey Skies' above'. Kscopemusic.com. September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
27. ^Joyce, Mike (7 September 1988). 'Spotlight; The Group With a Synth Of Adventure; Tangerine Dream's Long Electronic Music Quest'. The Washington Post.
28. ^Menon, Tushar (24 June 2012). 'Backstage with Steven Wilson'. Rolling Stone India. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
29. ^Maerzm Jennifer (23 July 2016). 'Obsessed with 'Stranger Things?' Meet the musicians behind the show's spine-chilling synth score'. Salon.
30. ^'Introduction'. Santabarbara.fr.
31. ^'Black Mirror: Bandersnatch Soundtrack'. What's on Netflix. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

External links[edit]

• Tangerine Dream on IMDb